Engineers are professionals who apply scientific and mathematical principles to the design, development, and implemention of solutions to real-world problems. Engineers are problem solvers who leverage creativity, technical knowledge, and analytical thinking to identify efficient ways to address challenges across various industries. They work in fields such as civil, mechanical, electrical, software, and chemical engineering, among others. Engineering involves creating systems, structures, and products that improve society, from designing safer bridges and airplanes to developing more advanced software and medical devices.

Engineers also work in professions including digital technologies, energy solutions, and sustainable development, helping to shape infrastructure, transportation, communication systems, and even healthcare advancements. Engineering jobs often require collaboration with other professionals, such as architects, scientists, and project managers, to ensure the successful implementation and ongoing success of projects.

To excel in their roles, engineers must be adaptable and avid lifelong learners dedicated to keeping up with technological advances and changes in their field. As a result, they can have a profound impact on the safety, efficiency, and quality of life in communities around the world.

What do you need to become an engineer?

The academic choices you make in high school will have a direct impact on your ability to be accepted by — and successfully enroll in — an engineering program. Engineering education heavily relies on mathematics and science as well as your ability to think critically and approach problems from different angles.

When choosing your high school classes, always look to take the most challenging courses available (i.e., AP, IB, Dual Enrollment). Taking the highest-level courses will provide you with a more demanding, college-level curriculum and will also demonstrate your commitment to rigorous coursework.

In addition, it may potentially allow you to earn college credits that will give you more flexibility in your undergraduate studies. As you make your course selections, be sure to speak with your teachers and keep the following guidelines in mind.

The process of becoming an engineer typically begins with a strong educational foundation, followed by gaining relevant experience and licensure. The steps include:

1. Completing High School: It is crucial to start building a foundation in high school in subjects like math and science, which are essential for success in engineering.
2. Earning a Bachelor’s Degree in Engineering: A bachelor's degree in engineering typically takes four years to complete and involves coursework in areas such as calculus, physics, and specialized studies related to your chosen field.
3. Gaining Practical Experience: Internships or cooperative education programs allow students to get hands-on experiences in the field that apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios, enabling them to have a competitive edge in the job market.
4. Obtaining Licensure: While not all engineering jobs require licenses, becoming a licensed Professional Engineer (PE) can open doors to greater career opportunities. To become licensed, you must pass exams and have a history of relevant work experience.
5. Pursuing Continuing Education: Engineering-related fields are constantly evolving, so staying updated with the latest technologies and practices is key to success. That's why many engineers chose to pursue additional certifications or advanced degrees to specialize further.

• Mathematics Engineering is math-intensive to its core, so a strong foundation in mathematics is essential. You should consider taking advanced math courses such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. These courses will help you develop the problem-solving skills essential for engineering.

• Science There are two key science fields for prospective engineers: chemistry and physics. Chemistry is key to understanding chemical engineering and materials science, while physics provides insight into the laws of nature and mechanics, which are central to many engineering disciplines. Other science courses like biology and earth science or environmental science are also great choices for creating a solid science foundation — especially if you choose to study biomedical engineering or environmental engineering.

• Computer Science With the rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning, computer programming and computer science are becoming increasingly important in engineering fields. Learning programming languages like Python or Java will provide you with a significant advantage when you start your engineering studies, especially if you decide to focus on areas like software engineering, computer engineering, or data science.

• Engineering-related Electives Your high school may also allow you to sign up for electives related to engineering. More high schools than ever are offering STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) electives such as robotics, CAD (Computer-Aided Design), and engineering design. You should consider these courses carefully, as they offer early insights into what engineering is like and the choices you can make in the future.

Figuring out how to become an engineer also involves assessing and working on your communication skills, which encompasses your writing and presentation abilities. Yes, engineering is primarily focused on your technical ability — but being able to communicate complex ideas to technical and non-technical audiences will be essential to your long-term academic and professional success.

In the last few years, many prospective engineering students have indicated that the college search process can be overwhelming. The best way to lessen the anxiety you might feel during that process is to create a plan and put it into action early so that you can make well-informed decisions and reduce stress. Here's a timeline to guide your college search:

First year of high school: Don’t make your college search a focus in your first year of high school. Instead, concentrate on getting a great start on building the academic foundation that will be essential to your success in college.

Sophomore year: Focus on exploring your engineering interests by learning about the various disciplines and career paths. Engage in extracurricular activities that are engineering specific or STEM focused. Attend after-school or weekend engineering exploration programs, career fairs, or science competitions. Explore whether local engineering firms have any engineering-related facilities you can tour to get an inside view of the profession. Consider attending one of the many on-campus summer exploratory programs colleges and universities host for prospective engineering students. They are a great way to experience firsthand how engineering works.

Junior year: Your search should now be in active mode on every level as you research colleges and universities that offer strong engineering programs. It is important to consider not only whether a college or university has your desired major, but also whether is has other academic pathways that are of interest to you. In addition to academic offerings and accreditation of the program, you must also consider factors like location, size, available majors, class size, study abroad options, campus culture, and the level of success alumni have experienced after completing those programs.

It is also crucial for prospective engineering students to investigate opportunities to engage in research or to secure an internship or co-op job that provides in-depth experience and will help open the door to employment upon graduation. Finally, examine closely the expected cost of education, opportunity for scholarships, and/or financial assistance to help pay for your education.

During your junior year, you should also be sure to create a systematic way to manage your list of potential schools to visit as well as begin to gather information about application requirements and deadlines. Work closely with your college advisor about your choices, as they have immense insight that will be helpful to you.

You will be receiving mail from many institutions interested in having you join their campus community, and this can be a great resource in your search. Many students will use the summer between junior year and senior year to explore college campuses, prepare for standardized exams that may be required in the admission process, and begin to gather the materials that they will need to supply as part of their application to an undergraduate engineering program.

Senior year: During the fall semester, you will need to finalize the list of colleges and universities you will apply to. Be sure to pay close attention to application deadlines. You will also be preparing your college essay(s) and securing the traditionally requested letter(s) of recommendation, which can be lengthy processes. Be sure to allocate your time appropriately.

In the spring semester, you'll need to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) as well as submit any other forms that may be required by an institution if you plan to apply for financial aid. Stay organized and keep track of acceptance letters and financial aid packages from different programs. Once you have all your admission offers in hand it will be time to decide where to attend.

It is important to note that international students may need to submit additional documents and required exam scores as part of their admission process. Always check the requirements outlined in your application instructions.

Most entry-level engineering jobs require applicants to have a bachelor’s degree from an accredited program. Depending on the field of study, coursework may include calculus, differential equations, physics, chemistry, and highly specialized classes. For example, civil engineers are likely study topics such as fluid mechanics and structural analysis, while software engineers may focus on coding, algorithms, and data structures.

Receiving accreditation from a recognized body, such as the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET), is another important part of the process. This ensures your education met industry standards and provided the knowledge and skills necessary to become a licensed professional. Some engineers may also pursue a master's degree to gain additional training that can provide a competitive edge in the job market.

Earning an engineering degree requires a significant investment of time and resources, but several strategies can help students succeed:

1. Stay Organized and Manage Your Time Effectively: Engineering programs require demanding coursework and related experience. Creating a schedule, prioritizing tasks, and staying organized will help you stay on top of deadlines and exams.
2. Seek Help If You Need it: Don't be shy about asking for help when necessary. Take advantage of professors’ office hours, study groups, and tutoring services offered by your university.
3. Participate in Extracurricular Activities: Getting involved with engineering clubs and related extracurricular activities can help you apply what you learn in class to real-world workplace scenarios. These activities also provide opportunities to create career-enhancing networks with peers and professionals in your field.
4. Secure Internships: The practical experience you can gain in internships not only provides valuable hands-on experience but also improves your employability after graduation. Many employers prefer hiring graduates who have already completed some work in their field.
5. Make the Most of Campus Resources: Most universities offer academic support, career counseling, and additional resources specifically tailored to engineering students. Be sure to take advantage of them while you can.

It typically takes anywhere from four to eight years to become an engineer, depending on your chosen field and level of education. A bachelor’s degree in engineering generally takes four years to complete, yet students who participate in cooperative education programs, internships, or dual-degree programs might need more time. While more time consuming, these experiences can provide valuable practical skills that often make graduates more employable.

Pursuing professional licensure requires additional steps after earning your degree. Becoming a licensed Professional Engineer (PE) can take another four to six years, during which time you'll need work experience and pass the required exams. Engineers who want to specialize in advanced fields, such as biomedical engineering or aerospace engineering, often pursue a master’s or doctoral degree, a process which can take an additional two to four years.

Although the time frame to become an engineer can vary depending on your career goals and academic choices, engineering has proven to be a rewarding field with numerous opportunities for growth and advancement.

Choosing the right engineering degree to achieve your goals is a significant decision that will shape your career path. Engineering offers a wide array of specializations, from mechanical and aerospace engineering to biomedical and chemical engineering. Choose wisely. For example, if you are passionate about solving mechanical problems, a mechanical engineering degree may be the right choice. On the other hand, if you are interested in coding and technology, computer or software engineering could be more suitable.

It’s also important to evaluate the job market. Some fields, including computer engineering, are experiencing rapid growth due to technological advancements. Others, like civil engineering, support the ongoing demand for the maintenance
and development of critical infrastructure. Understanding industry trends and future demand for certain types of careers can help guide your decision.

You also need to seriously consider whether you want to specialize in a niche area of engineering, such as biomedical engineering. Finding employment in such fields often requires additional coursework or certifications, but the decision to specialize can lead to higher-paying and more unique job opportunities.

Remember, too, that the flexibility of your degree program is another factor to consider. Some universities offer interdisciplinary programs that allow you to combine engineering with fields like business or environmental studies, while others may only offer more traditional programs.

Your decision to pursue an engineering degree is a testament to your thirst for knowledge and desire to make a difference in the world. Engineers are known for making a plan that will provide actionable steps to be successful. In much the same way, you need to plan on taking appropriate and manageable steps so that you can reach your goal of becoming an engineer. That begins with thoughtful high school course selection and thorough college research.

Taking the right courses, beginning your college search early, and evaluating institutions based on key factors will put you on a path to a bright future.